A Failure To Communicate

A Failure To Communicate What we have here is a failure to communicate. This famous quote from the 1967 film, Cool Hand Luke, characterizes the plight of the characters in the short stories by Jhumpa Lahiri. A Temporary Matter, When Mr. Pirzada Came to Dine, and Interpreter of Maladies, three stories in Lahiris book Interpreter of Maladies, demonstrate how a failure to communicate dooms the relationships between the characters in each story. Not every breakdown in communication is for the same reason, but it is usually neglect for the partners interests. This failure of the relationships is portrayed in these stories as due to a failure of one or both of the partners of the relationship to realize the needs and desires of the other. Lahiri portrays her characters as oblivious to the other partners feelings or self-directed, only focusing on their own situation. In Lahiris stories she lets us walk in the shoes of another person where she points out the obvious flaws that the protagonists seem to miss. The story, A Temporary Matter, begins with a notice that for five day electricity would be cut off for an hour in the neighborhood of Shukumar and Shoba, a young Indian couple. After the death of their baby, who died at birth, the two are going through depressions. They constantly avoid each other, only meeting up to have a silent dinner or have an awkward check-up on the other. The love in their relationship had become none-existent and the images of when they did love each other haunt Shukumar. Before the night of the first blackout Shukumar prepared dinner for Shoba, hoping to rekindle something between them. They had dinner by candle-light in silence, until Shoba brought up a little game where they had to tell each other something they had never told the other before. They did this every night until the first night after the blackouts. Shukumar had set up the dinner table as if the blackouts were still happening, but Shoba turned on the lights and brought up a serious subject. Sh e revealed to Shukumar that she was preparing for a life without him. Shukumar then retorted with something that was equally as hurtful. Lahiri ends the story with the two sitting at the table weeping. Lahiri uses her first story to illustrate to the reader how the neglect of one or both people in the relationship can cause it to fail; the inability to meet someones needs or make sacrifices in a relationship ultimately dooms it. By the time of the nightly power outages, they had become experts at avoiding each other, neither Shukumar nor Shoba was willing to face the other for fear of having to deal with the tragic loss of their baby (4). In their mutual depression they are both unwilling to help themselves and unable to relieve the stress they are living under, much less helping each other. They refused to let go of this tragedy, The film in his camera still contained pictures of Shoba, in the yard, when she was pregnant (15). The pictures represent a happier, idealized time in their relationship, and by keeping the pictures in his camera it shows that he is unwilling let go of this image and face the reality of the present. He cannot accept that their relationship is failing and neither can Shoba. They are unwilling and unable to move forward, dragged back into depression by the constant reminders of the death of their baby. The more they could not help themselves move on, the more they could not help the partner. Shukumar is stuck in a malaise and Shoba does everything to distract herself. They did not have the ability or the willpower to help themselves or each other; therefore they were stuck in a dying relationship. To illustrate the fact that Shukumar and Shoba are too busy wallowing in their self-centered misery Lahiri snuck in the image of the dying plant in dried up dirt in the midst of all this misery, Even though the plant was inches away from the tap, the soil was so dryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ he had to water it first before the candle would stand straight (10). The plant and soil are a metaphor for the relationship. His relationship had life and many chances, but he neglected those chances. He was unwilling to water the plant, just like he unwilling to help his relationship. Even at the end, the plant is dead but he is still using the soil. He does not even watering the plant for the plants sake, but using it for his own needs; just like when they have these intimate moments during the blackouts, he is not to keep his marriage alive, he is doing it to get his doubts and secrets off his chest, It happened over fifteen years ago. He felt relief now, having told her (17). These confessions were not meant to help mend the relationship but were used instead to relieve their conscience and ultimately ended up hurting each other, Our baby was a boyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ he promised himself that day (the day the baby was born) he would never tell Shoba, because he still loved her then (22). He knew this would hurt Shoba, but now he did it for personal gain and vengeance. Their self-centered attitude toward their relationship ultimately drove them apart. In the short story When Mr. Pirzada Came to Dine, the title character, Mr. Pirzada, a botanist from Dacca, India, leaves his wife and six daughters behind to study plant life in New England. Ten year old Lilia and her parents, an Indian family, invite Mr. Pirzada to come over to have dinner with them. While in the U.S. a war broke out in India and Dacca was hit. Mr. Pirzada would come every night to the house of Lilia and eat dinner with them. One of those nights in October, Lilia began to accept his constant visits, and even carved a pumpkin with him. On Halloween night Lilia was about to venture out trick-or-treating for her first time alone until Mr. Pirzada got worried and asked if he should go. Fearing losing her independence she told him not to worry, he sulked back surprised into the doorway. They do not talk again, and the family does not hear from him for months until one day they receive a letter from Mr. Pirzada telling them that he found his family and all were safe. When Mr. Pirzada finds that the communication between him and his family is flawed, he slowly opens channels with Lilias family. Mr. Pirzadas need for communication was shown Each week [when] Mr. Pirzada wrote a letter to his wife, and sent comic books for his seven daughters (24). However this proves to be an unsatisfying way of communication because it is one way communication; therefore he looks toward Lilia and her family to fill the void of the lost relationship with his daughters and his family. As Mr. Pirzada begins to go to dinners, he starts to treat Lilia more and more like his daughter. The turning point in their relationship is the carving of the pumpkin, Yes, lets carve it,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ For the first time we all gathered around the dining table (35). Before the carving of the pumpkin the height of the interaction between Mr. Pirzada and Lilia was when he gave her candy each night. They realized that they had to give up a little bit of comfort for him. He accepted the f amily because they took him in during his time of need. The whole family and Mr. Pirzada gathering around that table represented that Mr. Pirzada was part of the family. Through Mr. Pirzadas interactions, Lahiri illustrates that when one loses a line of communication, they look for it somewhere else. A relationship is doomed to failure if one of the sides of the relationship neglects the needs of the other side. On Halloween night, fearful of losing her independence, Lilia chooses to spend the night with her friend instead of spending it with Mr. Pirzada (something typical for the American culture, but difficult for Mr. Pirzada to understand), and tells him, Dont worry' (38). Disregarding Mr. Pirzadas fear that hell lose another daughter, Lilia neglects his needs and his pains. This act shows that she lacks the understanding that in order to help Mr. Pirzada she needs to sacrifice some things in order to keep her relationship with him alive. The communication between the two is broken down due to her obliviousness to the causes of this self-centered act. As such, their relationship fails: For a long time we did not hear from him. Our evenings went on as usual, with dinners in front of the news (41). Through her failure in communication, their relationship disintegrated. Throughou t the days with Lilias family, Mr. Pirzadas ties with them deepen, but when Lilia becomes oblivious to his needs, the relationship fails. In Lahiris third story Interpreter of Maladies, Mr. Kapasi is a working man in India with two jobs, an interpreter for a doctor and a tour guide. He is stuck in a dysfunctional relationship after the doctor could not prevent the death of his child. One day he is assigned the Dass, a young, irresponsible, and equally dysfunctional couple with nothing that holds them together except three children. Mr. Kapasi is made aware of this very early on in the story, with the Dass allowing their children to do whatever they want. Midway through the trip, Mr. Kapasi tells them about his job as an interpreter. Mrs. Das takes a sudden interest in Mr. Kapasi that she did not display with her husband or kids, saying that his job seems à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦so romantic (50). Mr. Kapasi becomes deeply enamored with Mrs. Das, feeling that her interest means that she loves him. He spends the rest of the story fantasizing about how their friendship would bloom, and worrying about leaving Mrs. Das or losing her interest. In order to spend more time with the family, he takes the family to the Sun Temple. Once there Mrs. Das stays in the car with Mr. Kapasi, where Mrs. Das confesses her failing relationship, her inability to get her stress off her chest, her affair, and that her youngest is not actually Mr. Dass. She asks Mr. Kapasi for a cure to make her feel better and make the pain go away, but Mr. Kapasi asks her, Is it really pain you feelà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ or is it guilt? (66). She becomes angered by this and storms off to her family, where she finds that her son has been beaten by the monkeys for his food. The story ends with Mrs. Das kneeling down to take care of her child as the paper with the address of Mr. Kapasi (that she was going to use to mail him) flutters out of her bag. Lahiri brings these two dysfunctional relationships together to display the different types of neglect: neglecting another and neglecting ones self. Through these two different types of neglect, she shows that without neglect a relationship is much more functional. In the very beginning Mr. Kapasi realizes that Mr. and Mrs. Das were a bad match, just as he and his wife wereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the bickering, the indifference, the protracted silenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (53). Although we see Mr. Kapasi care for and try to help his depression stricken wife, The countless other ways he tried to console his wife and to keep her from crying in her sleepà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, he knew that his wife had little regard for his careerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (53). Lahiri brings up the point that it only takes one to neglect and ruin a relationship. He began to understand that the reason he does not get along with his wife is because she neglects his feelings and help. The indifference for his job and the constant bicke ring is due to the wifes jealousy and self-centered thinking, she resented the other lives he helpedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (53). This is why Mr. Kapasi is love-stricken by Mrs. Das, When Mr. Kapasi thought once again about how she had said, romantic, the feeling of intoxication grew, because she seems to respect him and seems to makes him feel like his job is actually something worthwhile (53). The bickering, indifference, and silence was non-existent; she seemed genuinely interested in him. He feels like she realizes his troubles and does not neglect them like his wife does, therefore his affection grew. Due to the fact that his wife neglects his needs for respect, he looks for a new relationship elsewhere. However in the same story, Lahiri reveals the other side of the spectrum: how neglecting ones self can tear apart a relationship. Mrs. Das reveals her unwillingness to reach out and search for an outlet or a friend, when she tells Mr. Kapasi that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦she did not make many close friends. There was no one to confide in about [her husband] at the end of a difficult day, or share a passing thought or worry (63). Simply put, she neglected her own needs. Instead of going to the trouble of finding someone to fill this need, she decided to cheat. She felt the ability to relieve herself of some of her stress, but this is ultimately unsatisfactory. In her continuing effort to relieve stress, she tells Mr. Kapasi some of her stories and secrets. It is only after the talk with Mr. Kapasi, she realizes that she is neglecting her own needs and neglecting the needs of her family, When she whipped out the hair-brush, the slip of paper with Mr. Kapasis address on it fluttered away in the w indà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (69). She realizes that she needs a loving family and he children need her. She stops neglecting her children by the act of brushing the hair of her beaten boy. It is clear that the communication had been rekindled between her and her family from there. The paper fluttering away represents that Mr. Kapasi will be unneeded as an outlet for communication because now she has her family. She is no longer oblivious to the fact that she needs her family as an outlet. Mrs. Das realizes that due to her neglecting herself she is neglecting her family, and therefore chooses to fix her problem of communication by reviving the relationship with her family. In these three stories by Lahiri, failure of communication is caused by neglect. This is demonstrated by either one or both of the characters in the relationship acting oblivious to the other persons needs and/or is self-centered enough to not care. Oblivious neglect is the inability to recognize the needs of another and self-centered neglect is when one is unwilling to help or recognize these needs. The communication between Shukumar and Shoba breaks down due to their inability and unwillingness to help themselves or each other. The relationship between Lilia and Mr. Pirzada fails due to Lilias obliviousness to the effects of her self-centered want for independence from Mr. Pirzada and her family. The failure between Mrs. Das and her family was caused by her obliviousness to her own need for an outlet of stress, while Mr. Kapasi failing relationship is due to his wifes selfishness and unwillingness to let Mr. Kapasi help her. Each of these relationships is different, yet the common thread is communication, or the lack thereof.

Broken Child Essay

The documentary â€Å"Broken Child† explored the lives of people, both children to adults, that have been impacted by drug and alcohol abuse, it also showed children who’ve been affected by violence and neglect. Both types of children have one thing in common, a high likelihood to repeat the mistakes of their parents. Whether they’ve grown up living with one or both parents, are adopted, or live in foster care they are at risk. Factors that impact a child’s life are whether their mother abused drugs or alcohol while pregnant, and if they’ve grown up in difficult living situations, but there are some solutions offered by this documentary. You’re pregnant,† are the words some people dread, people like teenagers and drug users. Drug users, whose only concern is becoming high and acquiring money for drugs, will not properly care for a child. In some cases mothers continue to abuse drugs and alcohol throughout their pregnancy because they are too addicted to stop. This causes their babies to have defects, mental and psychological problems. Children can be born with damaged brains, and growing up isn’t easy for them. One such child is Jonathan, he’s an eight year old boy who’s had a hard life. His biological mother was an alcoholic and a drug abuser, when she was in labor she was also drunk. This caused Jonathan to have severe mental and psychological problems, including emotional detachment and violent episodes. He was adopted by Alison and Randy, who are the only people who can control him during an episode. Because of his episodes Jonathan cannot have babysitters, also because he was arrested at the age of seven for holding a knife to a babysitters throat. Jonathan takes many medications to help him control himself and calm down. This does not, however; mean that Jonathan has broken his family’s cycle. There are signs that show him to still be on the path, such as his thoughts about hurting and even killing himself, or his weakness towards weapons and violence and his impulse to such things. Even though he does not speak to his biological mother or know any relative he is still very damaged in the head. Showing that it’s not only the environment that impacts a child’s life but their DNA as well. Drug and alcohol abuse are not the only things that can affect a life, exposure to violence and neglect at a young age can create damaging effects ike PTSD, violence towards other people, and a difficulty to learn. Some forms of neglect are undernourished, dehydrated, unchanged diapers, no running water, dirty clothes and children left home alone. When things become unbearable children are taken from their parents by CPS(Child Protective Services) and placed in foster homes. While a foster home may be a better alternative to living at home, sometimes it’s just a meager half step. Foster parents abuse their foster children and in some cases so do the other children in the foster home. This leads to scared and later angry children who have been set to repeat a negative family cycle. In other situations, there are children, who take care of younger siblings. This occurs when parents are constantly at work or are neglectful. A seven year-old should never have to have the life of another in his or her hands. They are children themselves who should be enjoying their youth. Forcing children into a role of responsibility too big for them at home pushes them to their anger and frustration in other places, such as school. In school they are just another student, just another name on a desk, just another paper to grade. It’s a place to blend in and become the person they must suppress at home. Full of anger and built up hate these children are prone to fighting which earns them a bad name to teachers who don’t know the whole story. These types of kids mix with PTSD effected children who’ve seen someone die or who are accustomed to multiple gunshots each night as they sleep. A mixing of this proportion means that children don’t focus on school because their too busy picking a fight. All these causes, foster care, children parents, and violence exposed children, add up to a single effect; the continuation of a negative family cycle. In spite of these long, and seemingly endless cycles of negativity I believe that there is a solution to this problem. That is a school. A school with teachers trained to handle out of control students, with small classes, and with after school activities to keep kids off the streets. The teachers will have smaller class sizes which will allow them to have a better handle on the kids. Smaller class sizes will also allow teaches to focus on the students more as individuals rather than one of thirty. Teachers will be trained to handle tempers, fights, and outbursts by children. The after school activities will include things such as homework time, crafts time, sports times, and a weekly counseling session for kids who need the help. These programs will ensure that younger children have a place with a good environment after school and that older children stay off the streets and away from drugs, alcohol, and prostitution. They counseling sessions will be to help stabilize the minds of the children and know when to step in take action. This, to me, seems a good solution because kids are in school for a majority of the day and because things like family counseling will not work on closed minded people. It would be funded by the state, and be a free public school. Children seemed destined to fall into a negative family cycle, but with the right kind of help I believe that can be changed. Children can be born normal, children can enjoy life if only the right steps are taken.

Fraser Guidelines Essay

Gillick competence is a term originating in England and is used in medical law to decide whether a child (16 years or younger) is able to consent to his or her own medical treatment, without the need for parental permission or knowledge. The standard is based on a decision of the House of Lords in the case Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority [1985] 3 All ER 402 (HL). The case is binding in England and Wales, and has been approved in Australia, Canada and New Zealand. Similar provision is made in Scotland by The Age of Legal Capacity (Scotland) Act 1991. In Northern Ireland, although separate legislation applies, the then Department of Health and Social Services Northern Ireland stated that there was no reason to suppose that the House of Lords’ decision would not be followed by the Northern Ireland Courts. Contents [hide] †¢1 The Gillick decision †¢2 Subsequent developments †¢3 Australian law †¢4 Confusion regarding Gillick competency †¢5 Fraser Guidelines 6 References †¢7 Link [edit] The Gillick decision The Gillick case involved a health departmental circular advising doctors on the contraception of minors (for this purpose, under sixteens). The circular stated that the prescription of contraception was a matter for the doctor’s discretion, and that they could be prescribed to under sixteens without parental consent. This matter was litigated because an activist, Mrs. Victoria Gillick (nee Gudgeon), r an an active campaign against the policy. Mrs Gillick, a mother of ten (five girls, five boys), sought a declaration that prescribing contraception was illegal because the doctor would commit an offence of encouraging sex with a minor, and that it would be treatment without consent as consent vested in the parent. The issue before the House of Lords was only whether the minor involved could give consent. ‘Consent’ here was considered in the broad sense of consent to battery or assault: in the absence of patient consent to treatment a doctor, even if well-intentioned, might be sued/charged. The House of Lords focussed on the issue of consent rather than a notion of ‘parental rights’ or parental powers. In fact, the court held that ‘parental rights’ did not exist, other than to safeguard the best interests of a minor. The majority held that in some circumstances a minor could consent to treatment, and that in these circumstances a parent had no power to veto treatment. Lord Scarman and Lord Fraser proposed slightly different tests (Lord Bridge agreed with both). Lord Scarman’s test is generally considered to be the test of ‘Gillick competency’. He required that a child could consent if they fully understood the medical treatment that is proposed: â€Å"As a matter of Law the parental right to determine whether or not their minor child below the age of sixteen will have medical treatment terminates if and when the child achieves sufficient understanding and intelligence to understand fully what is proposed. † Lord Scarman The ruling, holds particularly significant implications for the legal rights of minor children in England in that it is broader in scope than merely medical consent. It lays down that the authority of parents to make decisions for their minor children is not absolute, but diminishes with the child’s evolving maturity; except in situations that are regulated otherwise by statute, the right to make a decision on any particular matter concerning the child shifts from the parent to the child when the child reaches sufficient maturity to be capable of making up his or her own mind on the matter requiring decision. [edit] Subsequent developments The decisions in Re R and Re W (especially Lord Donaldson) contradict the Gillick decision somewhat. From these, and subsequent cases, it is suggested that although the parental right to veto treatment ends, parental powers do not ‘terminate’ as suggested by Lord Scarman in Gillick. However, these are only obiter statements and were made by a lower courts; therefore, they are not legally binding. However, the parens patriae jurisdiction of the court remains available allowing a court order to force treatment against a child’s (and parent’s) wishes. A child who is deemed â€Å"Gillick competent† is able to prevent their parents viewing their medical records. As such, medical staff will not make a disclosure of medical records of a child who s deemed â€Å"Gillick competent† unless consent is manifest. In most jurisdictions the parent of an emancipated minor does not have the ability to consent to therapy, regardless of the Gillick test. Typical positions of emancipation arise when the minor is married (R v D [1984] AC 778, 791) or in the military. The nature of the standard remains uncertain. The courts have so far declined invitations to define rigidly â€Å"Gillick competence† and the individual doctor is free to make a decision, consulting peers if this may be helpful, as to whether that child is â€Å"Gillick competent†. Australian law The Australian High Court gave specific and strong approval for the Gillick decision in ‘Marion’s Case’ 175 CLR 189. The Gillick competence doctrine is part of Australian law (see e. g. DoCS vY [1999] NSWSC 644). There is no express authority in Australia on Re R and Re W, so whether a parent’s right terminates is unclear. This lack of authority reflects that the reported cases have all involved minors who have been found to be incompetent, and that Australian courts will make decisions in the parens patriae jurisdiction regardless of Gillick competence. In South Australia and New South Wales legislation clarifies the common law, establishing a Gillick-esque standard of competence but preserving concurrent consent between parent and child for the ages 14–16. [edit] Confusion regarding Gillick competency On May 21 2009, confusion arose between Gillick competency, which identifies under-16s with the capacity to consent to their own treatment, and the Fraser guidelines, which are concerned only with contraception and focus on the desirability of parental involvement and the risks of unprotected sex in that area. A persistent rumour arose that Victoria Gillick disliked having her name associated with the assessment of children’s capacity, although a recent editorial in the BMJ debunks this idea, quoting Victoria Gillick as saying that she â€Å"has never suggested to anyone, publicly or privately, that [she] disliked being associated with the term ‘Gillick competent’ â€Å". [1] [edit] Fraser Guidelines It is lawful for doctors to provide contraceptive advice and treatment without parental consent providing certain criteria are met. These criteria, known as the Fraser Guidelines, were laid down by Lord Fraser in the House of Lords’ case and require the professional to be satisfied that: †¢the young person will understand the professional’s advice; †¢the young person cannot be persuaded to inform their parents; †¢the young person is likely to begin, or to continue having, sexual intercourse with or without contraceptive treatment; †¢unless the young person receives contraceptive treatment, their physical or mental health, or both, are likely to suffer; †¢the young person’s best interests require them to receive contraceptive advice or treatment with or without parental consent. Although these criteria specifically refer to contraception, the principles are deemed to apply to other treatments, including abortion. Although the judgement in the House of Lords referred specifically to doctors, it is considered to apply to other health professionals, including nurses. It may also be interpreted as covering youth workers and health promotion workers who may be giving contraceptive advice and condoms to young people under 16, but this has not been tested in court. If a person under the age of 18 refuses to consent to treatment, it is possible in some cases for their parents or the courts to overrule their decision. However, this right can be exercised only on the basis that the welfare of the young person is paramount. In this context, welfare does not simply mean their physical health. The psychological effect of having the decision overruled would have to be taken into account and would normally be an option only when the young person was thought likely to suffer â€Å"grave and irreversible mental or physical harm†. Usually, when a parent wants to overrule a young person’s decision to refuse treatment, health professionals will apply to the courts for a final decision. An interesting aside about the Fraser guidelines is that many regard Lord Scarman’s judgment as the leading judgment in the case, but because Lord Fraser’s judgment was shorter and set out in more specific terms – and in that sense more accessible to health and welfare professionals – it is his judgment that has been reproduced as containing the core principles.

Mesh Editing with Poisson-Based Gradient Field Manipulation

Introduction Three-dimensional geometric models are the base data for applications in computer graphics, computer aided design, visualization, multimedia, and other related fields. This report will focus on computerized modeling editing of discrete (digital) geometry, in particular polygonal meshes. In this report, I will survey the state-of-the-art techniques for creating, manipulating, editing and analyzing digital geometry models. The mesh editing techniques we discussed here are : Poisson Shape Interpolation[1], Mesh Editing with Poisson-Based Gradient Field Manipulation[2], Mesh Editing based on Discrete Laplace and Poisson Models[3], Mesh Editing with Curvature Flow Laplacian[4] and Mean Value coordinates for Closed triangular meshes[5]. All the five techniques will be discussed in detail in section 2-6. In section 7, we’ll do a comprehensive comparison of these five techniques and conclude in section 8. Poisson Shape Interpolation Shape interpolation which is also known as shape blending or morphing is used in many aspects of computer graphics industry widely. Provided two input models, the shape interpolation will produce a set of shapes in sequence to demonstrate how the source model is changed to the target model smoothly. It can also be applied to forecast new product from known products. It’s well known that in B-rep(boundary representation) shape interpolation[6], there are two major issues which are correspondence problem and trajectory problem. The

Apartheid in South Africa - 1154 Words

Nelson Mandela helped bring an end to Apartheid in South Africa because he was a believer in basic human rights, leading both peaceful and violent protests against the white South African Government. His beliefs landed him in prison for twenty-seven years, almost three decades. In doing so, he became the face of the apartheid movement both in his country and around the world. When released from prison in 1990, he continued to honor his commitment to fight for justice and equality for all people in South Africa. In 1994, Nelson Mandela was elected to become the first black president of South Africa and formed a government that represented the people of South Africa. What was Apartheid? Apartheid was when people were segregated into†¦show more content†¦As a result the government passed the Suppression of Communism Act in which any Opposition to the government was treated as Communism. Nelson Mandela helped lead the ANC’s 1952 Campaign for the Defiance of Unjust Laws, travelling across the country to organize protests against policies that discriminated against black people. This lead to the Freedom Charter, a list of basic demands that existed in every true democracy around the world. At this time, Mandela encouraged the ANC to form an alliance with other groups who were interested in changing South Africa. As a result Nelson Mandela went on trial for treason but was found innocent in 1961. Nelson Mandela believed in peaceful resistance but gradually began to realize that passive resistance was not winning the fight. Their peaceful demonstrations were met with unforgiveable violence. At Sharpeville in1960, protestors showed up at the Sharpeville police station without their passbooks, a riot broke out and police killed sixty-nine people. In Soweto (June 1976), six hundred unarmed high school students protesting for an improved education were killed. The Government banned the ANC and PAC and Mandela was forced to go underground to avoid detection. Plans were made to bomb places of significance to apartheid, but these were always planned to avoid anyone being hurt or killed. Nelson Mandela was tried for treason and at one stage was foundShow MoreRelatedThe Apartheid Of South Africa1174 Words   |  5 PagesSome periods in human history are simply shameful. The period of apartheid policy in South Africa was one of these times. Apartheid featured a rebirth of racist legi slature in South Africa from the 1950s to the 1990s. Essentially, these laws treated people who were not white as completely separate from society; the term apartheid literally means â€Å"apartness.† The national legislature in South Africa wanted to suppress blacks and ensure a white supremacy in the government. 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5.10 the Awakening - 814 Words

1. What features make The Awakening a local color story?The type of dialogue used, the way the town is depicted and the fact that it was a time where women did not have much say in their lives or decisions 2. What customs and beliefs of Edna Pontellier s society are significant in relation to her psychological development?The typical new Orleans woman is expected to let their life revolve around their husband and children and they are expected to spend their time doing their domestic duties, and Edna is forced to live in these confines, and she is not happy with her life and feels tied down in her marriage and life. 3. What attitudes and tendencies in the Creole characters does Edna have trouble adjusting to?She has trouble†¦show more content†¦8. How are the background characters such as the young lovers and the lady in black at the shore, significant in Edna s story?The young lovers represent the love supported by the society Edna lives in, and the lady in black represents what society expects of a woman after her husband has passed. 9. In detail, explain how the flashbacks to Edna s past function. How does her father compare to the other men in her life?The flashbacks show a time where she was really happy and talks about a time where she remembers just being a little girl and running through a large green field so she wouldn’t have to go to church, besides that she was a carefree person back then. Her father is different because he states his opinion about her actions instead of keeping quiet and he is more controlling. 10. How does the view of romantic love develop in the course of the novel? What is the doctor s view of marriage and childbearing?The doctors view of marriage and childbearing is that that is what makes a happy family, and the romantic loves develops in person and goes on through Roberts letters to Mademoiselle Reisz 11. Can you think of an emotional attachment and/or a romantic obsession you have s tudied in a previous work? How does that incident or character compare with Edna s emotional and romantic relationships?In Romeo and Juliet’s love in their story. Their relationship is similar to Edna’s and Roberts because they love eachShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Industrial Revolution On Society1989 Words   |  8 Pageslaw-making, they also requested the right to stand as Members of Parliament. These were not new demands, but the people charter was to become one of the most famous manifestos in 19th century Britain. This was also referred to in Anthology, document 5.10, where William Corbett, a self-taught journalist who had previously served in the army during the French Revolution, echoes arguments made by radicals against Napoleon. His publications best describe the corruption he witnessed which he saw a destructionRead MoreThe Essentials of Project Management65719 Words   |  263 PagesNow assume that all the design is scheduled to be finished in the first six months of the programme. This could be viewed (simplistically) as a requirement of ten engineers for six months. The manager starting this project might experience a rude awakening on referring to records of past projects. These might well show that projects of similar size and complexity took not ten engineers for six months, but expenditure equivalent to ten engineers for a whole year. An apparent error of five man-yearsRead MoreManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pagesmail—either by clicking the mail bookmark button on the left side of any page (the top icon, which looks like a piece of mail) or the mail hot spot in the bottom area of the welcome page—the inbox view of the mailbox is displayed, as shown in Figure 5.10. In addition to the bars and icons appearing on the welcome page, a view action bar appears above the listing of e-mail messages in the larger window to the right. The actions listed relate to the current view. For the inbox view, the entries are

Health Information Management of Strategic Resource

Question: Discuss about the Health Information Management of Strategic Resource. Answer: According to Mondy Martocchio (2016), among the various business sectors existing in Australia, the health industry is recognized as one of the most rapidly advancing sections. Based on the census data, it is noted that there has been a significant increase not only in the number of patients admission but also the in the employee structure of hospitals. In addition to focussing on serving the society in the best possible manner, hospitals simultaneously concentrate on their business and management development as well (Tung, 2016). Further, one of the emerging topics that successfully gained attention from the managers is the aspect of human resource management (HRM). As compared to the any other capability enhancing feature, the HRM not only tend to affect decision making but also various concerns like employee development, engagement, services to patients and many others (Kramar, 2014). The case study helps to understand the difference in the two hospitals and their individual atte ntion towards human resource management. Additionally, the study also allows understanding the effect of a well organized HR system in an organization as well. As per the case study, it is seen that the first hospital has a comparatively poor and unplanned HR management. Despite, having a taskforce of around 400 staff members, the hospital has no particular HR department or a HR manager. Moreover, although there are several HR functions in the organization and the CEO is in-charge along with an external supervise to monitor the performance levels, the absence of well-developed HRM affects the hospital as a whole. Analyzing the prevailing situation of industrial disputation, poor turnover ratios, staff complaint and absenteeism increments there are several recommendations that can be made. Operating in the Australian market, the hospital is also confronted with a increased degree of competition. The management of the organization with a motive to serve the public in a better manner focuses on developing the human resource framework on a large scale basis. In order to develop business conditions, it is important that the not only the staff members but also the managers are educated about the topic and its role in building up the economy of the organization. As stated by Bileviciene, Bileviciute Parazinskaite (2015), it is only through a rise in literacy and knowledge levels by which the internal stakeholders can effectively organize and plan the setting up a HR department in the business framework. Further, it is suggested that authority delegation will also prove to be fruitful in this aspect. According to Lu et al., (2015), recruitment of a highly qualified and experienced HR manager in the hospital will serve as the first step towards strengthening the system. Concerning the employment structure, the process of recruitment also needs to be a huge concern for the hospital. Moreover, actions like defining business goals, mission spreading and letting the people know about the firm`s expectancy levels will significantly help in building up a efficiency workforce (Pudelko, Reiche Carr, 2015). It is suggested that a creation of various involvement, motivation and morale enhancing programs in the organization will assist in developing a pool of talent and HRM as well. Additionally, a reconstruction of communication levels is also recommended for the first hospital. As opined by Leggat Balding (2013), the existence of a clear and transparent contact channel will lead to free flow and exchange of ideas. Furthermore, a culture oriented environment creation is also emphasized for the benefit of the hospital. Being dispersed geographically across Australia, the cultural aspects tend to be a crucial aspect that affects decision making. Like every other business, the first hospital also has its individual perception of cultural and traditional aspects. It is suggested that the HR manager act as a backbone to the department by implementing beneficial leadership and mentoring skills. In the words of Susomrith Brown (2013), among the various factors the participative style is recommended in the hospital for ensuring a high active and involvement level. Also, a rise in positivism in the hospital environment will benefit the staff members and the patients. It is noted that a consideration of individual perspectives will increasingly contribute towards solving disputes, job dissatisfaction, poor communication and further lower complaint levels. Further, collaboration between the CEO, HR manag er, supervisors and the staff members will noticeably contribute in developing a strong based human resource system in the first hospital (McGraw, 2014). More importantly, a modernization of training and development structure is also recommended for the hospital. As per the case study, the employees of the organization are highly unaware of the HR system, its role in business development and hence disregard the tool as a whole. As stated by Rogers et al., (2016), it is noted that setting up of an efficiency enhancing mechanism will not only help in individual capabilities but also business competency. Further, it is suggested that the senior managers help staff members to assess their personality, skills and perception towards the firm. It is through a proper prospering of individual skills which facilitate innovation and creativity in the hospital. With a delegation of authority based on their personnel abilities, the taskforce tends to work in a more efficient manner (Trebble et al., 2014). In addition to assessing qualities and proficiency, the training programs lend a hand towards the employees in performing in a better way. Reviewing the case study, it is inferred that the first hospital has no existing technological plant that help to carry out HR functions. It is recommended that the management of the organization focus on integrating a analytical and issue dissolving framework. Further, the automation of services will also help in smoothening recruitment, screening and selection processes. According to Townsend et al., (2012), the use of hi-tech mechanisms will greatly in improving communication, accessibility and the HRM system as a whole. The use of electronic system tends to mitigate errors, save time and serve as a cost effective tool. Moreover, data monitoring and tracking also helps in developing human resource practices in the first hospital. Providing the managers with analytical information, the mechanisms have a higher degree of acceptance. It is noted that along with attending towards enhancing capabilities, technology fastens and smoothen HR systems (MohebbiFar, Shams Javadi, 2012). As per the case study, there has been a considerable rise in complaints, disappointment level and further accidents that involve patients and employees. An increment in inefficiency of the existing HR model has lead to the increment in negativities in the first hospitals. It is important that the organization take into consideration various suggested changes to be able to regain health and serve Australia in a better manner. In the modern world, like every other business sector, hospitals also focus on developing a sustainable HR capability not only to perform in a developed manner but also to secure long term gains (Malambe Bussin, 2013). It is noted that there exist several feature that greatly contribute in building up competency levels of the human resource department in an organization. As per the case study, the integration of a HR polices and presence of HRM in the second hospital enabled it to operate on a much larger scale. Being divided into an individual department, there is a presence of positivity all across the business framework. Additionally, the appointment of a HR manager has also allowed fruitfulness of several activities. Reviewing the case study it is inferred that there exist various major characteristics that help in building up HRM competency in hospitals. Operating in the developed nation of Australia, firms are confronted with a high degree of competition. Apart form analyzing the workplace, managers actively involved in learning and building up factors that help in developing a sustainable human resource system (Floyd, 2012). It is noted that the aspect of HR not only affects decision making, but also determines success of a hospital. Further, the several factors that help in building up a highly effective HR department are taken into consideration by the managers of the second hotel. Further, the aspect of employee lifecycle and absenteeism also tends to play a major role in developing a sustainable HR system in the hospitals. It is noted that a stronghold HR system focuses on the staff development from the initial level of recruitment to guiding them in carrying out very function in the organization (Boella Goss-Turner, 2013). In addition to motivating the staff members, businesses tend to concentrate on providing a positive workplace environment to them as well. As per the case study, an increase in being absent from work exerts a direct pressure on the business performance and also the employee structure. On the other hand, being present at work not only helps to breakdown the work pressure and lethargy levels, but also benefits the HRM system as a whole (Susomrith Brown, 2013). It is noted that among the various performance indicators, the employee and human capital turnover proves to be one of the most contributing factors. As opined by Sharma Goyal (2013), characteristics like full time employment, sales salary ratio and other similar points are taken into consideration by the management to build a sustainable HR department. An increased volume of work and engagement levels significantly helps in achieving targets in the hospital. Moreover, the installation of automation system also helps in detecting errors which tends to be a huge concern for the hospital. According to Abdelhak, Grostick Hanken (2014), in order to develop a stronghold HR system, the managers increasingly focus on mitigating errors as well by acting as a helping hand to the staff members. Additionally, a check is also kept on the individual performances of the employees. An increase in the abilities of the taskforce will lead to a downfall in accidents involving the patients and staff s. It is noted that the cultural and attitudes of the employees and the patients also help in building up of a sustainable HR system. Moreover, managers in the modern world tend to pay higher degree of attention to the corporate values, traditions and perceptions of patients to be able to enhance performance. According to Pudelko, Reiche Carr (2015), a consideration of the fluctuating elements leads to a rise in employee and stakeholder satisfaction. With a motive to serve the people in a much better way, the HR department is responsible for carrying out several functional operations. Based on the case study, it is inferred that positive work environment and higher levels of engagement ensures fruitfulness of the HR department. Further, the attitudes and perspective of the patient also influences the HR system. It is often that the management of a hospital actively take part in understanding the staff member`s merit, objectives, expectations and thereby lends a helping hand towards them (Mondy Martocchio, 2016). On the other hand, a creation of HR polices also helps the visitors to understand the motives of the hospital and further develop a certain level of expectation as well. Apart from the various key factors that affect development of a sustainable HR capability, complaint handling and compensation plays a vital role. According to Malambe Bussin (2013), it is noted that a good amount of pay scale develops a certain level of sense of importance among the staff members. Moreover, incentive and promotional schemes also increasingly contribute towards ensuring a sustainable HR development in the hospital. Also, the remuneration tends to decide job performances, skill building and work time span as well. Concerning Australia, like every other business firms, hospitals also face an increased level of rivalry. The payroll of the hospital tends to decide the success of its employees, the company and further the HR department. On the other, complaint handling also tends to be a vital aspect in deciding the sustainability of a HR system. Employees and patients tend to look up to the human resources to solve their issues (Kramar, 2014). Additionally, a rational management of problems noticeably helps the organization as well. Being related to trust factors, clarity and transparency, issue solving plays a crucial role in building up of a sustainable HR capability. References Abdelhak, M., Grostick, S., Hanken, M. A. (2014).Health information: management of a strategic resource. Elsevier Health Sciences. Bileviciene, T., Bileviciute, E., Parazinskaite, G. (2015). innovative trends in human resources management.Economics Sociology,8(4), 94. doi:10.14254/2071-789X.2015/8-4/7 Boella, M., Goss-Turner, S. (2013).Human resource management in the hospitality industry: A guide to best practice. Routledge. Floyd, P. (2012). The new key role in hospital leadership-VPPS.Physician Executive,38(5), 38. Kramar, R. (2014). Beyond strategic human resource management: Is sustainable human resource management the next approach?The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(8), 1069-1089. doi:10.1080/09585192.2013.816863 Leggat, S. G., Balding, C. (2013). Achieving organisational competence for clinical leadership: The role of high performance work systems.Journal of Health Organization and Management,27(3), 312-329. doi:10.1108/JHOM-Jul-2012-0132 Lu, C., Chen, S., Huang, P., Chien, J. (2015). Effect of diversity on human resource management and organizational performance.Journal of Business Research,68(4), 857-861. doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.11.041 Malambe, L., Bussin, M. (2013). Short-term incentive schemes for hospital managers.SA Journal of Human Resource Management,11(1), 1-e9. doi:10.4102/sajhrm.v11i1.487 McGraw, P. (2014). A review of human resource development trends and practices in australia: Multinationals, locals, and responses to economic turbulence.Advances in Developing Human Resources,16(1), 92-107. doi:10.1177/1523422313509572 MohebbiFar, R., Shams, M., Javadi, A. (2012). Analysis of the human resource management role in hospitals using ulrich model.African Journal of Business Management,6(50), 11943-11952. doi:10.5897/AJBM12.074 Mondy, R., Martocchio, J. J. (2016). Human resource management.Human Resource Management, Global Edition. Pudelko, M., Reiche, B. S., Carr, C. (2015). Recent developments and emerging challenges in international human resource management.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,26(2), 127-135. doi:10.1080/09585192.2015.964928 Rogers, S. E., Jiang, K., Rogers, C. M., Intindola, M. (2016). Strategic human resource management of volunteers and the link to hospital patient satisfaction.Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly,45(2), 409-424. doi:10.1177/0899764015596434 Sharma, D. K., Goyal, R. C. (2013).Hospital administration and human resource management. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Susomrith, P., Brown, A. (2013). Motivations for HR outsourcing in australia.International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(4), 704. Townsend, K., Wilkinson, A., Allan, C., Bamber, G. (2012). Mixed signals in HRM: The HRM role of hospital line managers.Human Resource Management Journal,22(3), 267-282. doi:10.1111/j.1748-8583.2011.00166.x Trebble, T. M., Heyworth, N., Clarke, N., Powell, T., Hockey, P. M. (2014). Managing hospital doctors and their practice: What can we learn about human resource management from non-healthcare organisations?BMC Health Services Research,14(1), 566-566. doi:10.1186/s12913-014-0566-5 Tung, R. L. (2016). New perspectives on human resource management in a global context.Journal of World Business,51(1), 142-152. doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2015.10.004